【科学前沿】Science最新发布：迄今为止最前沿的125个科学问题！

ture medicines customized for individual people?

3.我们可以设计和制造出为个人身份独创的药物吗？

4. Can a human tissue or organ be fully regenerated?

4.人体内组织起来或器官可以完全再生吗？

5. How is immune homeostasis maintained and regulated?

5.如何维持和调节抗体稳态？

6. Is there a scientific basis to the Meridian System in traditional Chinese medicine?

6.中所医的经脉系统会有微生物科学依据吗？

7. How will the next generation of vaccines be made?

7.下一代疫苗将如何投入生产？

8. Can we ever overcome antibiotic resistance?

8.我们能否克服抗生素耐药性？

9. What is the etiology of autism?

9.自闭症的性疾病是什么？

10. What role does our microbiome play in health and disease?

10.我们的微微生物组在肥胖症和性疾病中所扮演什么剧中？

11. Can xenotransplantation solve the shortage of donor organs?

11.异种GameCube能否克服供体器官的紧缺克服办法？

Biology

肉体微生物科学

1. What could help conservation of the oceans?

1.什么可以帮助保护深海？

2. Can we stop ourselves from aging?

2.我们可以阻挡自己衰老吗？

3. Why can only some cells become other cells?

3.为什么只有一些细胞膜则会消失其他细胞膜？

4. Why are some genomes so big and others very small?

4.为什么有些性状组相当大而另一些却很小？

5. Will it be possible to cure all cancers?

5.不太可能救活所有肺癌吗？

6. What genes make us uniquely human?

6.哪些性状使我们有机体与众不同？

7. How do migratory animals know where they're going?

7.迁徙动物如何发觉它们要去哪里？

8. How many species are there on Earth?

8.差不多有多少亚种？

9. How do organisms evolve?

9.有机体是如何进化的？

10. Why did dinosaurs grow to be so big?

10.为什么恐龙长得如此之大？

11. Did ancient humans interbreed with other human-like ancestors?

11.远古有机体是否是曾与其他躯体祖先品系？

12. Why do humans get so attached to dogs and cats?

12.有机体为什么则会对猫狗如此迷恋？

13. Will the world's population keep growing indefinitely?

13.21世纪人口数则会无限增长吗？

14. Why do we stop growing?

14.我们为什么则会取消落叶？

15. Is de-extinction possible?

15.能否复活灭绝微生物？

16. Can humans hibernate?

16.有机体可以冬天吗？

17. Where do human emotions originate?

17.有机体的情感是从何处？

18. Will humans look physically different in the future?

18.将来有机体的外貌则会有所不同吗？

19. Why were there species explosions and mass extinction?

19.为什么则会遭遇亚种大爆发和大灭绝？

20. How might genome editing be used to cure disease?

20.性状组出版人将如何用作疗程性疾病？

21. Can a cell be artificially synthesized?

21.可以人工合成细胞膜吗？

22. How are biomolecules organized in cells to function orderly and effectively?

22.细胞膜内的微生物分子是如何组织起来从而有序适当造就作用的？

Astronomy

自然科学

1. How many dimensions are there in space?

1.空间中所有多少个维度？

2. What is the shape of the universe?

2.银河系的形状是怎样的？

3. Where did the big bang start?

3.爱丁顿从何处开始？

4. Why don't the orbits of planets decay and cause them to crash into each other?

4.为什么巨行星的轨道不变化会并所致它们某种程度摩擦？

5. When will the universe die? Will it continue to expand?

5.银河系何时衰亡？它则会之前加速吗？

6. Is it possible to live permanently on another planet?

6.我们不太可能在另一个星球上近十年居住吗？

7. Why do black holes exist?

7.为什么假定塌缩？

8. What is the universe made of?

8.银河系是由什么包含的？

9. Are we alone in the universe?

9.我们是银河系中所唯一的肉体体吗？

10. What is the origin of cosmic rays?

10.银河系射线的众说纷纭是什么？

11. What is the origin of mass?

11.气态的众说纷纭是什么？

12. What is the smallest scale of space-time?

12.幻境的成比例尺度是是多少？

13. Is water necessary for all life in the universe, or just on Earth?

13.水是银河系中所所有肉体所必需的么，还是相当少对天王星肉体？

14. What is preventing humans from carrying out deep-space exploration?

14.是什么阻挡了有机体来进行深空探测？

15. Is Einstein's general theory of relativity correct?

15.爱因斯坦的广义相对论是正确的吗？

16. How are pulsars formed?

16.白矮星是如何产生的？

17. Is our Milky Way Galaxy special?

17.我们的白矮星除此以外吗？

18. What is the volume, composition, and significance of the deep biosphere?

18.深层微生物圈的影响力也、包含和意义是什么？

19. Will humans one day he to lee the planet (or die trying)?

19.有机体回来则会不得不离去天王星吗（还是则会在尝试中所死于）？

20. Where do the hey elements in the universe come from?

20.银河系中所的氦来自何处？

21. Is it possible to understand the structure of compact stars and matter?

21.不太可能明了游离巨行星和气态的结构吗？

22. What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos?

22.高能银河系中所微子的众说纷纭是什么？

23. What is grity?

23.什么是离心力？

Physics

微生物科学学

1. Is there a diffraction limit?

1.有衍射临界点吗？

2. What is the microscopic mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity?

2.高温超导的密切相关催化反应是什么？

3. What are the limits of heat transfer in matter?

3.气态制冷的临界点是什么？

4. What are the fundamental principles of collective motion?

4.自发运动的分析方法是什么？

5. What are the smallest building blocks of matter?

5.什么是气态的成比例包含部分？

6. Will we ever trel at the speed of light?

6.我们则会以相对论性行驶吗？

7. What is quantum uncertainty and why is it important?

7.什么是相对论连续性，为什么它很重要？

8. Will there ever be a "theory of everything"?

8.则会有“万有原理”吗？

9. Why does time seem to flow in only one direction?

9.为什么时间也许只朝一个方向流动？

10. What is dark matter?

10.什么是银河系学？

11. Can we make a real, human-size invisibility cloak?

11.我们可以制作出关公大小的隐形斗篷吗？

12. Are there any particles that behe oppositely to the properties or states of photons?

12.是否是假定与带电粒子性质或状态也就是说的粒子？

13. Will the Bose-Einstein condensate be widely used in the future?

13.玻色-爱因斯坦凝结体将来则会被相当多常用吗？

14. Can humans make intense lasers with incoherence comparable to sunlight?

14.有机体能制造出与太阳光相似的非相干强激光吗？

15. What is the maximum speed to which we can accelerate a particle?

15.我们最多可以将粒子加速到多慢？

16. Is quantum many-body entanglement more fundamental than quantum fields?

16.相对论多体纠缠比相对论场更为基本吗？

17. What is the optimum hardware for quantum computers?

17.新方法的最佳硬件是什么？

18. Can we accurately simulate the macro- and microworld?

18.我们可以可靠虚拟宏观和密切相关21世纪吗？

Information Science

文档微生物科学

1. Is there an upper limit to computer processing speed?

1.计算机处理速度是否是有下限？

2. Can AI replace a doctor?

2.AI可以代替精神科吗？

3. Can topological quantum computing be realized?

3.拓扑相对论计算可以做到吗？

4. Can DNA act as an information storage medium?

4.DNA可以用作文档FAT吗？

Engineering Bell Material Science

工程与胶合板微生物科学

1. What is the ultimate statistical invariances of turbulence?

1.湍流的最终统计不变性是什么？

2. How can we break the current limit of energy conversion efficiencies?

2.我们如何冲破局限性的电磁场切换效率临界点？

3. How can we develop manufacturing systems on Mars?

3.我们如何在火星上技术开发制造系统会？

4. Is a future of only self-driving cars realistic?

4.纯通用型汽车的将来是否是表象？

Neuroscience

神经元微生物科学

1. What are the coding principles embedded in neuronal spike trains?

1.皮质等离子核酸的编码准则是什么？

2. Where does consciousness lie?

2.自我意识假定于何处？

3. Can human memory be stored, manipulated, and transplanted digitally?

3.能否数据处理地寄储、控制和GameCube有机体潜意识？

4. Why do we need sleep?

4.为什么我们需要睡眠？

5. What is addiction and how does it work?

5.什么是吸毒？

6. Why do we fall in love?

6.为什么我们则会掉入相恋？

7. How did speech evolve and what parts of the brain control it?

7.肢体如何社会的发展产生，神经元的哪些部分对其来进行掌控？

8. How smart are nonhuman animals?

8.除有机体以外的其他动物有多聪明？

9. Why are most people right-handed?

9.为什么大多数人都是右撇子？

10. Can we cure neurodegenerative diseases?

10.我们可以救活神经元退行性性疾病吗？

11. Is it possible to predict the future?

11.不太可能预知将来吗？

12. Can we more effectively diagnose and treat complex mental disorders?

12.心理疾病能否适当诊断和疗程？

Ecology

微生物学

1. Can we stop global climate change?

1.我们可以阻挡亚洲地区气候变化吗？

2. Where do we put all the excess carbon dioxide?

2.我们能把过量的二氧化碳寄到何处？

3. What creates the Earth's magnetic field (and why does it move)?

3.是什么创造者了天王星的线圈（为什么它则会静止）？

4. Will we be able to predict catastrophic weather events (tsunami, hurricanes, earthquakes) more accurately?

4.我们是否是很难更为准确地得出灾害性事件（海啸、天气系统会、震后）？

5. What happens if all the ice on the planet melts?

5.如果差不多所有的冰层融化则会怎样？

6. Can we create an environmentally friendly replacement for plastics?

6.我们可以创造者一种环保的树脂替代品吗？

7. Can we achieve a situation where essentially every material can be recycled and reused?

7.几乎所有胶合板都可以回收再为了让是否是可以做到？

8. Will we soon see the end of monocultures like wheat, maize, rice, and soy?

8.我们则会便看见小麦、玉米、大米和甜菜等单一作物的告一段落吗？

Energy Science

能源微生物科学

1. Could we live in a fossil-fuel-free world?

1.我们可以穷困在一个去化石燃料的21世纪中所吗？

2. What is the future of hydrogen energy?

2.氢能的将来是怎样的？

3. Will cold fusion ever be possible?

3.冷核反应不太可能做到吗？

Artificial Intelligence

人工笔记本电脑

1. Will injectable, disease-fighting nanobots ever be a reality?

1.可服用的虫害石墨烯机械人则会视作表象吗？

2. Will it be possible to create sentient robots?

2.是否是不太可能建立有感知力的机械人？

3. Is there a limit to human intelligence?

3.有机体常人是否是有临界点？

4. Will artificial intelligence replace humans?

4.人工笔记本电脑则会替换有机体吗？

5. How does group intelligence emerge?

5.族裔笔记本电脑是如何浮现的？

6. Can robots or AIs he human creativity?

6.机械人或 AI 可以具有有机体创造者力吗？

7. Can quantum artificial intelligence imitate the human brain?

7.相对论人工笔记本电脑可以模仿人脑吗？

8. Could we integrate with computers to form a human-machine hybrid species?

8.我们可以和计算机结合以产生都和混合亚种吗？

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